The Ins and Outs of Federal Resumes, KSAs, and ECQs

Whether you are seeking employment within theRemember, it is essential that you use as many
world of the Federal government or aspecific examples as possible in your answer. The
long-standing employee entering the Seniorcommittee is looking for an understanding of the
Executive Service, the Federal resume is yourknowledge you maintain, your skill set in
key to securing the job you want. Each agency,accomplishing the task questioned and your ability
regardless of nature, requires that every applicantto complete the task properly. As such, each
complete an OF-612 or submit a Federal resume.answer must demonstrate those three factors
Additionally, many positions require Knowledge,with examples to obtain maximum points.
Skills and Abilities essays (KSAs). Higher-levelAccording to the National Archives and Records
positions for experienced Federal employeesAdministration, KSAs can test either both or
often request Executive Core Qualification essayseither of your technical skills or soft skills, technical
(ECQs). Each of these requirements maintain askills being knowledge of "accounting principles or
significant and distinct expression of capability, andthe ability to create and manage Microsoft
as such, these three areas are addressed in turn.Access databases." (See All About KSAOs, pg. 1)
I. The Federal ResumeSoft skills include "the attitudes and approaches
Hiring in the Federal government is a lengthy andapplicants take to their work, such as the ability
complex process. There are tens of thousands ofto collaborate on team projects or the ability to
applicants seeking positions within hundreds ofcommunicate orally with a broad range of
Federal agencies across the globe. Thus, whenindividuals." (See All About KSAOs, pg. 1) The
reviewing applications, points are calculated basedcommittee then reviews your answers to the
on your experience, knowledge and skill set.questions and assigns a rating between 5-20
Further, there are a significant number ofpoints for each question. The point value is not
classifications and restrictions, often referred topublicized, and as such, you should weigh each
as category ratings. Of the plethora ofquestion of equal importance.
qualifications for employment, the most notedTherefore, pay careful attention to your KSA
ones include: government direct hires, studentanswers in their specificity and their direct answer
employees and veterans. Because of theseto the questions posed. Remember, your Federal
detail-oriented hiring specifications, hiringresume expresses your minimum qualifications but
committees (yes, they are committees!) mustyour KSAs demonstrate your selective factors,
first narrow down the applicants based on thisqualifications "that are essential to successfully
eligibility.perform the duties of the job. A selective factor
As such, eligibility and hiring preference areis one that usually cannot be learned during the
considered two of the most important factors innormal period of orientation to the job and may
your Federal resume. Your resume must highlighttake extensive training or experience to develop."
any special emphasis employment program for(See All About KSAOs, pg. 4) Thus, it is essential
which you might be eligible. There are severalthat you demonstrate through your experience
programs which allocate additional points, includingexamples that you maintain the qualities called for
one for dependents and spouses of active dutyand should receive further consideration by the
personnel under the Military Spouse Preferencecommittee in the form of an interview.
program and the Family Member PreferenceIII. Executive Core Qualifications
Program. Further, Veterans Preference, as perECQs are often utilized for the Senior Executive
the Veterans Readjustment Act allocates five orService. These questions are rooted in finding
ten points depending on time served and warpeople who can lead "the continuing
service.transformation of government" based on the Civil
Aside from this important distinction, the FederalService Reform Act of 1978. (See US Office of
resume is an exhaustive compilation of eachPersonnel Management, ECQs are fundamentally
position you have held, your educationaldifferent from KSAs as the totality of your
background as well as any additional proficiencies,answers are evaluated rather than each individual
certifications, or training you maintain. Theanswer. As such, the rating is a score of your
document can extend up to any page limit. Thecomplete ECQ submission. The questions for
most noted exception to this limit is the ResumixECQs are preset, and they include: Leading
System, which uploads resumes up to five pagesChange, Leading People, Results Driven, Business
in length.Acumen and Building Coalitions. In answering these
The importance of your Federal resume can notquestions you must describe a specific problem,
be underscored enough, as it is the corediscuss your immediate plan to resolve the
description of what you can offer the agency asproblem, the action you took and the result of
well as your expertise in the field area. It isyour action. In so doing, you must also address
essentially what demonstrates that you have thecertain characteristics fundamental to senior-level
minimum qualifications for the position, thusFederal employees, such as leadership,
allowing you to make the first cut. Because thecommunication skills, integrity and a passion for
Federal government now uses highly sophisticated,public service.
proprietary search engines, such as USAJobs orIt is important to remember that ECQs are not
Resumix, your resume most hold the key wordsevaluated for your specific expertise, as this is
which delineate your knowledge and demonstratenot what qualifies you for the position. In the
your understanding of the field. Meanwhile, whileSenior Executive Service, it is you "broad
meeting these needs, your resume mustexecutive skills needed to succeed" which are
immediately highlight the relevant achievementsexamined. (See US Office of Personnel
and be a user-friendly document, allowing theManagement, More specifically, the committee
reader to easily digest the information withoutneeds to see that you are a person which the
becoming overwhelmed by the volume ofexperience, credentials and character to lead
information.people in areas of unprecedented change and
II. Knowledge, Skills & Abilitiesgrowth. These people are out of the box thinkers
KSAs are usually one-page narratives whichand can develop strong teams to ensure that
answer direct questions posed by the jobgoals are met. The skill set required here is
announcement. They can be quite vague, such asbeyond that of lower Federal positions, as
Describe your oral and written communicationmembers of the SES often must be pioneers in
skills to a complex question requiring intricatethe areas of the specialty. As such, your ECQs
knowledge of a federal program. As statedmust be exceptional and demonstrate you as a
above, the answers to these questions carryperson of integrity, skill and experience.
point values, and as such, it is extremelyIn conclusion, your application for any Federal
important that you directly answer the questionposition is a package of your Federal resume and
with as many examples as possible, alwayseither ECQs or KSAs. Each document weighs
utilizing the specific words employed in theheavily in the interview selection process and it is
question. The answers to these questions shouldessential that you devote the time necessary to
not exceed one page, but it is not uncommon forensure that your package not only answers the
one question to occupy two pages when yourposed questions, but highlights your skills,
experience is lengthy. KSAs are an essential partaccomplishments and knowledge in a manner that
of your application and you should focus as muchdemonstrates that you are the most highly
time as possible in ensuring that you have fullyqualified applicant in their pool of prospective
and completely answered each part of theemployees.
question.